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Keywords

Greywater, Sequential batch reactor, E ects of temperature, Biological treatment process, Wastewater reuse

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Greywater reuse is vital in water-scarce regions, yet effective treatment remains challenging due to variable organic loads and limited infrastructure. This study investigates the effect of temperature variation on the efficiency of a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) in treating greywater under realistic conditions. Greywater samples collected from households in Mosul, Iraq, were treated in a bench-scale SBR operated at 10, 23, and 36 °C with cycle times of 6, 8, and 12 hours. The reactor included aeration, temperature control, and sludge recirculation. Treatment performance was assessed through COD, TSS, nitrate, and pH analysis in influent and effluent samples. Results showed that higher temperature and longer cycle time enhanced treatment efficiency, achieving maximum COD, TSS, and nitrate removal of 89, 97, and 57%, respectively, at 36 °C and 12 hours. The treated effluent was evaluated in accordance with the Iraqi National Standards for Agricultural Irrigation (Regulation No. 3 of 2012). Although COD and nitrate levels complied with the permissible limits, TSS concentrations (60–153 mg/L) exceeded the allowable value of ≤ 40 mg/L, indicating that additional polishing is required before restricted irrigation use. The study demonstrates that optimizing operational temperature and cycle time significantly improves SBR performance, supporting sustainable greywater reuse for restricted irrigation in arid urban environments.

DOI

10.30684/2412-0758.1020

First Page

411

Last Page

428

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