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Keywords

azo dyes, Cytotoxicity, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, Photocatalyst, Laser ablation

Document Type

Review Paper

Abstract

Fresh water is essential for life to continue on Earth. The accelerated growth of industrialization and globalization is to blame for the current apex of environmental problems. Heavy metals and organic pollutants discharged from industrial waste are extremely harmful at relatively minimal concentrations when tolerance levels are exceeded. They will lead to several diseases in humans. One method for treating wastewater is semiconductor photocatalysis. It depends mainly on the oxidation-reduction mechanism by holes and electrons, respectively, that are generated by the exposure of the semiconductor oxide into a source of photons. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has attracted significant attention. Controlling the laser parameters is considered a green, competitive, and simple method to synthesize well-separated nanoparticles with a clean surface, small sizes, and numerous defects. ZnO semiconductor is considered cheap, not toxic, and more efficient at absorbing a large portion of the solar radiation spectrum with Eg =3.37 eV. These features give ZnO remarkable significance when used in biological and engineering applications. This short review article aims to know the advantages and challenges of using the PLAL technique in synthesizing ZnO and how to enhance the efficiency of inhibiting bacterial strains, cancer growth, and degradation of dyes using this material. We have found from this review that the size, shape, and zeta potential value govern the success of using ZnO nanomaterial in different applications. We also found an optimum value for ZnO's pulse duration and ablation time that can achieve the highest degradation efficiency.

References

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Highlights

ZnO NPs synthesized by PLAL showed higher photodegradation efficiency than those made via chemical routes coli's lipopolysaccharide-rich outer membrane made it more resistant to ZnO NPs than gram-positive bacteria Modifying ZnO NP surface charge enabled targeting specific intracellular sites for improved anticancer effects

DOI

10.30684/etj.2025.155602.1862

First Page

192

Last Page

203

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