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Keywords

Viscoelastic damping, polymer composites, Filler morphology, Dynamic mechanical analysis, Loss modulus

Document Type

Research Paper

Abstract

This study systematically investigates the viscoelastic characteristics and damping performance of polymer composites, examining the interplay between filler morphology, matrix-filler interactions, and structural behavior. The purpose is to understand and predict how different fillers influence key viscoelastic properties to enable tailored composite design. Methods and Key Findings: Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and forced vibration tests were used to characterize temperature- and frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties, including storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E′′), and damping factor (tanδ). Key results demonstrate distinct effects: Spherical calcium carbonate increased stiffness (E′) by 45% at 15 wt% loading but restricted damping (tan δ) due to agglomeration-induced stress concentrations. In contrast, core-shell rubber particles increased tan δ by 280% through interfacial slip, achieving a damping ratio (ζ) of 0.052 (2.8 times higher than neat epoxy). Nanoclay composites exhibited frequency-dependent damping anisotropy from processing alignment. Hybrid filler systems showed synergistic damping effects within the 10–50 Hz range. Optimal performance occurred at 5 wt% Al₂O₃, balancing moderate stiffness (E′ = 1.5 GPa) with peak damping (tan δ = 0.82). Microstructural analyses (SEM/AFM) correlated maximized interfacial friction and damping with an agglomerate area fraction <10%. A validated multi-scale computational model (<7% error) successfully bridged nanoscale mechanisms to macroscale performance. Significance and Applications: This work provides a predictive framework for designing next-generation composites. It enables tailored material design—prioritizing damping for applications like automotive NVH systems or stiffness for aerospace components—advancing fundamental knowledge of composite viscoelasticity and offering practical strategies for industrial vibration mitigation.

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Highlights

The impact of different polymer types on composite damping performance was evaluated Structural behavior under dynamic loading was compared for various composite configurations The link between viscoelastic properties and vibration absorption efficiency was identified Specific formulations enhanced damping while maintaining mechanical strength

DOI

10.30684/etj.2025.160856.1965

First Page

795

Last Page

803

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